Hayi oku akuyi kuba yinto ekruqulayo, ndinyanisile—ingakumbi ukuba uyazithanda izinto zerabha ezolulekileyo. Ukuba uqhubeka ufunda, uza kufumanisa phantse yonke into obufuna ukuyazi malunga ne-One-Part Silicone Sealants.
1) Ziyintoni na
2) Indlela yokuzenza
3) Apho ungazisebenzisa khona
Intshayelelo
Yintoni i-silicone sealant enenxalenye enye?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-sealants eziphilisa iikhemikhali- iSilicone, iPolyurethane kunye nePolysulfide zezona zaziwayo. Eli gama livela kumqolo wee-molecules ezibandakanyekayo.
Umqolo we-silicone ngulo:
Si – O – Si - O – Si – O – Si
I-silicone eguquliweyo yiteknoloji entsha (ubuncinane e-US) kwaye eneneni ithetha umqolo wendalo onyangwa nge-silane chemistry. Umzekelo yi-alkoxysilane terminated polypropylene oxide.
Zonke ezi khemikhali zingaba yinxalenye enye okanye ezimbini nto leyo ngokucacileyo inxulumene nenani leendawo ozidingayo ukuze ufumane into ukuze inyangwe. Ke ngoko, inxalenye enye ithetha nje ukuvula ityhubhu, ikhatriji okanye ipheyile kwaye izinto zakho ziya kuphila. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi nkqubo zenxalenye enye zisabela kunye nokufuma emoyeni zibe yirabha.
Ngoko ke, i-silicone enenxalenye enye yinkqubo ezinzileyo kwityhubhu ide, xa ichaphazeleka emoyeni, iphile ize ivelise irabha ye-silicone.
Iingenelo
Inxalenye enye ye-silicone ineenzuzo ezininzi ezikhethekileyo.
-Xa zixutywe ngokuchanekileyo zizinzile kwaye zithembekile, zinamathela kakuhle kwaye zineempawu zomzimba. Ixesha lokugcinwa kwazo (ixesha onokulishiya kwityhubhu ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise) ubuncinane unyaka liqhelekile, kwaye ezinye iindlela zihlala iminyaka emininzi. IiSilicone nazo ngokungathandabuzekiyo zisebenza kakuhle ixesha elide. Iimpawu zazo zomzimba azitshintshi ngokuhamba kwexesha ngaphandle kwempembelelo evela kwi-UV kwaye, ukongeza, zibonisa uzinzo oluhle kakhulu lobushushu oludlula olo lwezinye izitywina ubuncinane ngama-50℃.
-Inxalenye enye ye-silicones iyaphola ngokukhawuleza, idla ngokuvelisa ulusu kwimizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10, ikhululeke kwiintambo kwiyure enye ize iqine ibe yirabha ethambileyo malunga ne-1/10 intshi ubunzulu ngaphantsi kosuku. Umphezulu unombala omnandi ngerabha.
-Ekubeni zinokwenziwa zikhanye nto leyo ibalulekileyo ngokwazo (ukukhanya kombala ngowona usetyenziswa kakhulu), kulula kakhulu ukuzipenda ukuze zifane nombala.
Imida
IiSilicone zinemida emibini ephambili.
1) Azinakupenda ngepeyinti esisiseko samanzi-kunokuba nzima nangepeyinti esisiseko se-solvent.
2) Emva kokunyangwa, i-sealant inokukhupha i-silicone plasticizer yayo, xa isetyenziswa kwi-joint yokwandisa isakhiwo, inokwenza amabala angathandekiyo ecaleni kwe-joint.
Kakade ke, ngenxa yokuba yinxalenye enye akunakwenzeka ukufumana icandelo elinzulu ngokukhawuleza ngokulungiswa kuba inkqubo kufuneka iphendule nomoya ophuma phezulu uye ezantsi. Ukuba icacile ngakumbi, ii-silicone azinakusetyenziswa njengesiciko sodwa kwiifestile zeglasi ezigqunyiweyo kuba. Nangona zilungile kakhulu ekugcineni amanzi amaninzi angangeni, umphunga wamanzi udlula ngokulula kwirabha ye-silicone evunyiweyo ebangela ukuba iiyunithi ze-IG zibe nenkungu.
Iindawo zeMarike kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo
Iisilicone ezinenxalenye enye zisetyenziswa phantse naphi na naphi na, kuquka, okubangela ukudana kwabanye abanini bezakhiwo, apho le mida mibini ikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla ibangela iingxaki.
Iimarike zokwakha neze-DIY zibangela ubuninzi obukhulu obulandelwa ziimoto, amashishini, izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye neenqwelo-moya. Njengazo zonke izinto ezitywinayo, umsebenzi ophambili we-silicones kukumathela nokugcwalisa umsantsa phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ezifanayo okanye ezahlukileyo ukuthintela amanzi okanye iidrawings ukuba zingangeni. Ngamanye amaxesha into ethile ayitshintshi ngaphandle kokuyenza ikwazi ukugeleza ngakumbi apho iba yingubo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwahlula phakathi kwengubo, i-adhesive kunye ne-sealant ilula. I-sealant ivala phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ngelixa i-coating igubungela kwaye ikhusela enye kuphela ngelixa i-adhesive igcina iindawo ezimbini zidibene. I-sealant ifana kakhulu ne-adhesive xa isetyenziswa kwi-structural glazing okanye kwi-insulated glazing, nangona kunjalo, isasebenza ukuvala ezo zinto zimbini ukongeza ekuzigcineni zidibene.
Ikhemistri esisiseko
I-silicone sealant xa inganyangwanga idla ngokubonakala ngathi yintlama etyebileyo okanye ikhrimu. Xa ichaphazeleka emoyeni, amaqela esiphelo asabelayo e-silicone polymer ayayidibanisa (asabela namanzi) aze ahlangane, akhulule amanzi aze enze imixokelelwane emide ye-polymer eqhubeka isabelana de ekugqibeleni intlama ibe yirabha enomtsalane. Iqela elisabelayo ekupheleni kwe-silicone polymer livela kweyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yefomyula (ngaphandle kwe-polymer ngokwayo) oko kukuthi i-crosslinker. Yi-crosslinker enika i-sealant iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo nokuba ngokuthe ngqo njengevumba kunye nesantya sokupholisa, okanye ngokungathanga ngqo njengombala, ukunamathela, njl. ngenxa yezinye izinto ezingasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezithile ze-crosslinker ezifana nezizalisi kunye nabakhuthazi bokunamathela. Ukukhetha i-crosslinker efanelekileyo kubalulekile ekumiseleni iimpawu zokugqibela ze-sealant.
Iintlobo zokuNyanga
Kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga.
1) I-Acetoxy (ivumba leviniga eneasidi)
2) I-Oxime
3) I-Alkoxy
4) IBenzamide
5) I-Amine
6) I-Aminoxy
Ii-oximes, ii-alkoxies kunye nee-benzamides (ezisetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu) zezona zibizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo ezingathathi cala okanye ezingezizo ezi-asidi. Iinkqubo ze-amines kunye ne-aminoxy zinevumba le-ammonia kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zeemoto kunye nezoshishino okanye kwiindawo ezithile zokwakha zangaphandle.
Iimpahla ezingekasilwa
Iifomyula ziqulathe izinto ezahlukeneyo, ezinye zazo azinyanzelekanga, kuxhomekeke kwindlela ekucetywayo ukuba zisetyenziswe ngayo.
Izinto ezifunekayo kuphela yi-reactive polymer kunye ne-crosslinker. Nangona kunjalo, izinto zokuzalisa, izinto zokuncamathelisa, i-non-reactive (plasticizing) polymer kunye nee-catalysts zihlala zongezwa. Ukongeza, ezinye izongezo ezininzi zingasetyenziswa njengee-color pastes, ii-fungicides, izinto ezithintela ilangatye, kunye nezinto ezigcina ubushushu buzinzile.
Iifomyula ezisisiseko
Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lwe-oxime okanye ifomyula ye-DIY sealant iya kujongeka ngolu hlobo:
| % | ||
| I-Polydimethylsiloxane, OH iphelile nge-50,000cps | 65.9 | I-Polymer |
| I-Polydimethylsiloxane, i-trimethyl ephelisiweyo, i-1000cps | 20 | I-plasticizer |
| I-Methyltrioximinosilane | 5 | I-Crosslinker |
| I-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane | 1 | Umkhuthazi wokuncamathelisa |
| I-150 sq.m/g yomphezulu we-silica evuthayo | 8 | Isigcwalisi |
| I-Dibutyltin dilaurate | 0.1 | Isikhanyisi |
| Isimbuku | 100 |
Iipropati Zomzimba
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomzimba ziquka:
| Ukwandiswa (%) | 550 |
| Amandla okuThamba (MPa) | 1.9 |
| Imodulus kwi-100 Elongation (MPa) | 0.4 |
| Ubunzima be-Shore A | 22 |
| Ulusu ngokuhamba kwexesha (umzuzu) | 10 |
| Ixesha lokuphumla (umzuzu) | 60 |
| Ixesha lokuKrwela (umzuzu) | 120 |
| Ngokusebenzisa Unyango (mm kwiiyure ezingama-24) | 2 |
Iifomyula ezisebenzisa ezinye ii-crosslinkers ziya kufana mhlawumbi zahluke kwinqanaba le-crosslinker, uhlobo lwe-adhesion promoter kunye ne-curing catalysts. Iipropati zazo zomzimba ziya kwahluka kancinci ngaphandle kokuba kubandakanyeke ii-chain extenders. Ezinye iinkqubo azinakwenziwa lula ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswe isixa esikhulu se-chalk filler. Olu hlobo lweefomyula ngokucacileyo alunakuveliswa ngohlobo olucacileyo okanye olukhanyayo.
Ukuphuhlisa izitywina
Kukho amanqanaba amathathu okuphuhlisa isitywini esitsha.
1) Ukukhulelwa, ukuvelisa kunye nokuvavanya kwilebhu - imiqulu emincinci kakhulu
Apha, ingcali yekhemikhali yelabhoratri ineengcinga ezintsha kwaye idla ngokuqala ngebhetshi yesandla emalunga ne-100 grams ye-sealant ukuze ibone ukuba iphilisa njani kwaye ivelisa luphi uhlobo lwerabha. Ngoku kukho umatshini omtsha ofumanekayo "I-Hauschild Speed Mix" evela kwiFlackTek Inc. Lo matshini ukhethekileyo ulungele ukuxuba la maqela amancinci e-100g ngemizuzwana ngelixa ukhupha umoya. Oku kubalulekile kuba ngoku kuvumela umphuhlisi ukuba avavanye ngokwenene iimpawu zomzimba zala maqela amancinci. I-Fumed silica okanye ezinye izizalisi ezifana neetshaki ezitshisiweyo zinokuxutywa kwi-silicone kwimizuzwana emalunga ne-8. Ukususa umoya kuthatha malunga nemizuzwana engama-20-25. Umatshini usebenza ngendlela ye-dual asymmetric centrifuge mechanism esebenzisa ngokusisiseko amaqhekeza ngokwawo njengezandla zawo zokuxuba. Ubungakanani obukhulu bomxube yi-100 grams kwaye kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekomityi ezifumanekayo kuquka nezilahlwayo, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho kucocwa kwaphela.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenza ayizontlobo zezithako kuphela, kodwa kukwakho nolandelelwano lwamaxesha okudibanisa nokuxuba. Ngokwemvelo ukukhupha okanye ukususa umoya kubalulekile ukuvumela imveliso ukuba ihlale ixesha elide, kuba amaqamza omoya anomswakama oya kubangela ukuba isitywini siphile ngaphakathi.
Nje ukuba ingcali yekhemisti ifumene uhlobo lwesitywina esifunekayo kwisicelo sayo esithile, fikelela kwi-1 quart planetary mixer enokuvelisa malunga neetyhubhu ezincinci ezi-3-4 ze-110 ml (3oz). Oku kwanele ukuvavanya ubomi beshelufu yokuqala kunye novavanyo lokunamathela kunye nezinye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo.
Emva koko angaya kumatshini we-1 okanye 2 gallon ukuze avelise iityhubhu ze-8-12 10 oz ukuze avavanye ngokunzulu ngakumbi kwaye athathe iisampulu zabathengi. I-sealant ikhutshwa embizeni nge-cylinder yesinyithi iye kwi-cartridge ehambelana ne-cylinder yokupakisha. Emva kwezi mvavanyo, ukulungele ukwandiswa.
2) Ukwandisa nokulungisa kakuhle iivolumu eziphakathi
Kwinqanaba eliphezulu, umxube welebhu ngoku wenziwa kumatshini omkhulu oqhele ukuba phakathi kwe-100-200kg okanye malunga nedrama. Eli nyathelo lineenjongo ezimbini eziphambili.
a) ukubona ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho olubalulekileyo phakathi kobukhulu obuyi-4 lb kunye nobukhulu obukhulu obunokubangelwa ngamazinga okuxuba kunye nokusasazeka, amazinga okusabela kunye nobungakanani obahlukeneyo bomxube, kunye
b) ukuvelisa izinto ezaneleyo zokufumana iisampulu kubathengi abanokubakho kunye nokufumana ingxelo yokwenyani emsebenzini.
Lo matshini weegaloni ezingama-50 uluncedo kakhulu nakwiimveliso zoshishino xa kufuneka ubungakanani obuphantsi okanye imibala ekhethekileyo kwaye kufuneka kuveliswe idrama enye yohlobo ngalunye ngexesha.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini bokuxuba. Ezimbini ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zii-planetary mixers (njengoko kubonisiwe apha ngasentla) kunye nee-high-speed dispersers. I-planetary ilungile kwi-viscosity mixes ephezulu ngelixa i-disperser isebenza ngcono ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezibaleka lula. Kwii-sealants zokwakha eziqhelekileyo, naliphi na i-machine lingasetyenziswa logama nje umntu enika ingqalelo kwixesha lokuxuba kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu kwe-high speed disperser.
3) Ubungakanani bemveliso epheleleyo
Imveliso yokugqibela, enokuba yi-batch okanye i-continuous, ngethemba lokuba iza kuphinda ivelise i-formula yokugqibela ukusuka kwinqanaba lokukhulisa. Ngokwesiqhelo, inani elincinci (ii-batch ezi-2 okanye ezi-3 okanye iiyure ezi-1-2 ze-continuous) lezinto liveliswa kuqala kwizixhobo zemveliso kwaye lihlolwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqale imveliso eqhelekileyo.
Uvavanyo -Yintoni kwaye Ungaluvavanya Njani.
Intoni
Iipropati Zomzimba - Ukwandiswa, Amandla Okuxinana kunye neModulus
Ukunamathela kwi-substrate efanelekileyo
Ubomi beShelf-bukhawuleza kwaye bukwiqondo lobushushu begumbi
Amanqanaba okuPhila-Ulusu ngokuhamba kwexesha, ixesha lokuphumla, ixesha lokukrwela kunye nokuPhila, imibala Ubushushu Ukuzinza okanye ukuzinza kwiincindi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neoyile
Ukongeza, ezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ziyajongwa okanye ziyajongwa: ukuqina, ivumba eliphantsi, ukubola kunye nenkangeleko ngokubanzi.
Njani
Iphepha lesitywini liyakhutshwa lize lishiywe ukuba liphole kangangeveki. Emva koko kunqunyulwa intsimbi ekhethekileyo engavakaliyo ize ifakwe kwiTensile Tester ukulinganisa iimpawu zomzimba ezifana nobude, imodulus kunye namandla okutsalwa. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla okunamathela/okubambisana kwiisampuli ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa. Uvavanyo olulula lokunamathela lwe-ewe-no lwenziwa ngokutsala iintsimbi zezinto ezinyangiweyo kwi-substrates ezichaphazelekayo.
Imitha yeShore-A ilinganisa ubulukhuni berabha. Esi sixhobo sijongeka njengobunzima kunye negeyiji enenqaku elicinezelwa kwisampulu ecociweyo. Okukhona iphuzu lingena kakhulu kwirabha, kokukhona irabha ithambile kwaye ixabiso liphantsi. I-sealant yokwakha eqhelekileyo iya kuba kuluhlu lwe-15-35.
Ulusu ngokuhamba kwexesha, amaxesha okungasebenzi kakuhle kwesikhumba kunye nezinye iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokulinganisa ulusu zenziwa ngomnwe okanye ngamashiti eplastiki anobunzima. Ixesha ngaphambi kokuba iplastiki itsalwe kakuhle liyalinganiswa.
Kwixesha lokuphelelwa lixesha, iityhubhu ze-sealant ziyagcinwa kubushushu begumbi (okuthatha unyaka omnye ukubonisa ixesha lokuphelelwa lixesha lokuphelelwa lixesha lokuphelelwa lixesha lokuphelelwa) okanye kubushushu obuphezulu, obuqhele ukuba yi-50℃ kangangeeveki eziyi-1,3,5,7 njl. Emva kwenkqubo yokwaluphala (ityhubhu ivunyelwe ukuba iphole kwimeko ekhawulezileyo), izinto ziyakhutshwa kwityhubhu kwaye zitsalwe ephepheni apho zivunyelwe ukuba ziphile khona. Iimpawu zomzimba zerabha ezenziwe kwezi shelufu ziyavavanywa njengangaphambili. Ezi mpawu emva koko zithelekiswa nezo zezinto ezisandula ukuxutywa ukuze kuchongwe ixesha lokuphelelwa lixesha elifanelekileyo.
Ingcaciso eneenkcukacha ezithile zovavanyo oluninzi olufunekayo inokufumaneka kwincwadi yesikhokelo ye-ASTM.
Iingcebiso Zokugqibela
Iisilicone ezinenxalenye enye zezona zitywinayo zisemgangathweni ophezulu ezikhoyo. Zinemida kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko iimfuno ezithile zinokuphuhliswa ngokukodwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zomile kangangoko, umxube uzinzile kwaye umoya uyasuswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Ukuphuhlisa nokuvavanya ngokusisiseko yinkqubo efanayo nakweyiphi na i-sealant yenxalenye enye nokuba yeyiphi na uhlobo-qiniseka ukuba uyijongile yonke impahla enokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwenza ubungakanani bemveliso kwaye uyaqonda ngokucacileyo iimfuno zesicelo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesicelo, ikhemistri yonyango echanekileyo ingakhethwa. Umzekelo, ukuba kukhethwe i-silicone kwaye ivumba, ukugqwala kunye nokunamathela azithathwa njengezibalulekileyo kodwa kufuneka ixabiso eliphantsi, ke i-acetoxy yindlela efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iindawo zesinyithi ezinokuthi zigqwale zibandakanyekile okanye kufuneka ukunamathela okukhethekileyo kwiplastiki ngombala oqaqambileyo owahlukileyo, udinga i-oxime.
[1] Dale Flackett. Iikhompawundi zeSilicon: iiSilanes kunye neeSilicones [M]. Gelest Inc: 433-439
* Ifoto evela kwi-OLIVIA Silicone Sealant
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-31-2024
