Hayi oku akuyi kuba yinto ekruqulayo, inyanisekile-ingakumbi ukuba uthanda izinto zerabha ezolulekileyo. Ukuba ufunda, uya kufumanisa phantse yonke into owakhe wafuna ukuyazi malunga neCandelo elinye leSilicone Sealants.
1) Yintoni abayiyo
2) Indlela yokwenza
3) Apho zisetyenziswa khona
Intshayelelo
Yintoni enye inxalenye ye-silicone sealant?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeekhemikhali zokunyanga i-sealants-Silicone, i-Polyurethane kunye ne-Polysulfide eyona nto yaziwayo. Igama livela kumqolo weemolekyuli ezibandakanyekayo.
Umqolo we-silicone uba:
Si – O – Si - O – Si – O – Si
I-silicone elungisiweyo yiteknoloji entsha (e-US ubuncinane) kwaye eneneni ithetha i-organic backbone ephiliswe nge-silane chemistry. Umzekelo yialkoxysilane terminated polypropylene oxide.
Zonke ezi khemistri zinokuba yinxalenye enye okanye zibe mbini, ngokucacileyo ezinxibelelene nenani lamalungu owudingayo ukuze unyange into. Ke ngoko, icandelo elinye lithetha nje ukuvula ityhubhu, ikhatriji okanye ipail kwaye izinto zakho ziya kunyanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi nkqubo zinenxalenye enye zisabela ngokufuma emoyeni ukuze zibe yirabha.
Ngoko ke, i-silicone inxalenye enye yinkqubo ezinzileyo kwi-tube de, ekuvezweni emoyeni, iyaphilisa ukuvelisa irabha ye-silicone.
Iingenelo
Inxalenye enye ye-silicone ineenzuzo ezininzi ezizodwa.
-Xa zidibaniswe ngokuchanekileyo zizinzile kwaye zithembeke ngokunamathela ngokugqwesileyo kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo. Ubomi beshelufa(ixesha onokuthi uyishiye kumbhobho phambi kokuba uyisebenzise) ubuncinane unyaka omnye yinto eqhelekileyo kunye nemixube ethile ehlala iminyaka emininzi. IiSilicones nazo ngokungathandabuzekiyo zisebenza kakuhle ixesha elide. Iipropathi zabo zomzimba azitshintshi ngokuhamba kwexesha ngaphandle kwesiphumo sokuvezwa kwe-UV kwaye, ukongeza, babonisa uzinzo olubalaseleyo lobushushu obudlula lolo lwezinye izinto zokutywina okungenani ngama-50 ℃.
-Inxalenye enye ye-silicones iphilisa ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo iphuhlisa ulusu ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwe-10, ibe yinto ekhululekileyo kwiyure enye kunye nokunyanga kwirabha e-elastic malunga ne-1/10 intshi enzulu ngaphantsi kosuku. Umphezulu unemvakalelo entle yerabha.
-Njengoko zinokwenziwa ziguquguquke into ebalulekileyo ngokwayo (i-translucent ngowona mbala usetyenziswa kakhulu), kulula ukuyifaka i-pigment kuwo nawuphi na umbala.
Ukulinganiselwa
IiSilicone zinezithintelo ezimbini eziphambili.
1) Azinakupeyintwa ngepeyinti esisiseko samanzi-inokuba yinkohliso kunye nepeyinti yesiseko se-solvent ngokunjalo.
2) Emva kokunyanga, i-sealant inokukhulula enye yeplastiki ye-silicone yayo, xa isetyenziswe kwindawo yokwandiswa kwesakhiwo, inokudala amabala angabonakaliyo ecaleni komda wokudibanisa.
Kakade ke, ngenxa yendalo kanye yokuba yinxalenye enye akunakwenzeka ukufumana icandelo elinzulu elikhawulezayo ngokunyanga ngenxa yokuba inkqubo kufuneka ihlangane nomoya ngoko ke ukunyanga ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu. Ukufumana okucacileyo ngakumbi, ii-silicones azinakusetyenziswa njengetywina elilodwa kwiifestile zeglasi ezigqunywe ngenxa. Nangona zigqwesile ekugcineni isambuku samanzi elulwelo ngaphandle, umphunga wamanzi udlula ngokulula kwirabha enyangekileyo ye-silicone ebangela ukuba iiyunithi ze-IG zibe yinkungu.
Iindawo zeMarike kunye nokuSetyenziswa
I-silicone yecandelo elinye lisetyenziswa malunga naphi na naphi na, kubandakanywa, ukudideka kwabanye abanini bezakhiwo, apho izithintelo ezimbini ezikhankanywe ngasentla zibangela iingxaki.
Ulwakhiwo kunye neemarike ze-DIY zenza umthamo omkhulu olandelwa ziimoto, umzi-mveliso, umbane kunye ne-aerospace. Njengazo zonke iisealants, umsebenzi ophambili we-silicone yecandelo kukubambelela kwaye ugcwalise umsantsa phakathi kwee-substrates ezimbini ezifanayo okanye ezingafaniyo ukuthintela amanzi okanye iidrafti ezizayo. Ngamanye amaxesha ukwakheka akunakufane kuguqulwe ngaphandle kokulenza ukuba likwazi ukuqukuqela emva koko libe sisigqubuthelo. Indlela efanelekileyo yokwahlula phakathi kwengubo, i-adhesive kunye ne-sealant ilula. Isitywina sitywina phakathi kwemiphezulu emibini ngelixa isigqumathelo sigquma kwaye sikhusele enye nje ngelixa i-adhesive igcina kakhulu imiphezulu emibini kunye. I-sealant ifana ne-adhesive xa isetyenziswe kwi-glazing yesakhiwo okanye i-glazing e-insulated, nangona kunjalo, isasebenza ukutywina i-substrates ezimbini ukongeza ukuzigcina kunye.
I-Chemistry esisiseko
I-silicone sealant kwimeko enganyangekiyo ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakala ngathi intlama engqindilili okanye ukhilimu. Ekutyhilekeni emoyeni, amaqela esiphelo esisebenzayo se-silicone i-polymer hydrolyze (asabelana namanzi) aze ahlangane kunye, akhulule amanzi kwaye enze amatyathanga e-polymer amade aqhubeka esabelana de ekugqibeleni intlama ijike ibe yirabha enomtsalane. Iqela elisebenzayo ekupheleni kwe-silicone polymer livela kwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqulunqwa (ngaphandle kwe-polymer ngokwayo) okuyi-crosslinker. Yi-crosslinker enika i-sealant iimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo ngokuthe ngqo njengevumba kunye nesantya sokunyanga, okanye ngokungathanga ngqo njengombala, ukunamathela, njl. . Ukukhetha i-crosslinker efanelekileyo ngundoqo ekunqumeni iimpawu zokugqibela ze-sealant.
Iintlobo zokunyanga
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga.
1) iAcetoxy (ivumba leviniga emuncu)
2) Oxime
3) Alkoxy
4) I-Benzamide
5) Amine
6) Aminoxy
I-Oximes, i-alkoxies kunye ne-benzamides (esetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu) zezona zibizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo ezingathathi hlangothi okanye ezingena acidic. Iinkqubo ze-amine kunye ne-aminoxy zinevumba le-ammonia kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zeemoto kunye nezoshishino okanye izicelo ezithile zokwakha zangaphandle.
Iimpahla ezingekasilwa
Ulwakhiwo luquka amacandelo amaninzi awohlukeneyo, amanye awo anganyanzelekanga, kuxhomekeke kusetyenziso olucetyiweyo.
Ekuphela kwemathiriyeli ekrwada eyimfuneko yipolymer esebenzayo kunye ne-crosslinker. Nangona kunjalo, ii-fillers, abakhuthazi bokubambelela, i-polymer engasebenziyo (iplastiki) kunye ne-catalysts zihlala zongezwa. Ukongeza, ezinye izongezelelo ezininzi zinokusetyenziswa ezifana nepeyinti yombala, imichiza yokungunda, iiretardants zomlilo, kunye nezinzisi zobushushu.
Iifomyula ezisisiseko
Ukwakhiwa kwe-oxime eqhelekileyo okanye ukwakhiwa kwe-DIY sealant kuya kujongeka ngathi:
| % | ||
| I-Polydimethylsiloxane, i-OH iphelile i-50,000cps | 65.9 | Ipolymer |
| I-Polydimethylsiloxane, i-trimethylterminated, i-1000cps | 20 | Iplastiki |
| I-Methyltrioximinosilane | 5 | Crosslinker |
| Aminopropyltriethoxysilane | 1 | Umxhasi wokubambelela |
| 150 sq.m/g umphezulu indawo silica fumed | 8 | Isigcwalisi |
| I-Dibutyltin iyancipha | 0.1 | I-Catalyst |
| Iyonke | 100 |
Iipropati Zomzimba
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
| Ubude (%) | 550 |
| Amandla okuqina (MPa) | 1.9 |
| Imodulus kwi-100 Elongation (MPa) | 0.4 |
| Unxweme A Ubunzima | 22 |
| Ulusu ngokuhamba kwexesha (min) | 10 |
| Thatha ixesha laMahala (min) | 60 |
| Ixesha lokukrwela (min) | 120 |
| Ngokunyanga (mm kwiiyure ezingama-24) | 2 |
Iifomyula zisebenzisa ezinye ii-crosslinkers ziya kujongeka zifana mhlawumbi zihluke kwinqanaba le-crosslinker, uhlobo lomgqugquzeli wokubambelela kunye nokuphilisa i-catalysts. Iipropathi zabo zomzimba ziya kwahluka kancinci ngaphandle kokuba izandiso zekhonkco ziyabandakanyeka. Ezinye iinkqubo azinakwenziwa lula ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswe isixa esikhulu sokuzalisa itshokhwe. Ezi ntlobo zemixube ngokucacileyo azinakuveliswa ngohlobo olucacileyo okanye oluguquguqukayo.
Ukuphuhlisa iiSealants
Kukho izigaba ezi-3 zokuphuhlisa i-sealant entsha.
1) Ukuqonda, imveliso kunye novavanyo kwilebhu-imithamo emincinci kakhulu
Apha, i-lab chemist inemibono emitsha kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ngebhetshi yesandla malunga ne-100 grams ye-sealant ukuze ibone ukuba iphilisa njani kwaye luhlobo luni lwerabha oluveliswayo. Ngoku kukho umatshini omtsha okhoyo "I-Hauschild Speed Mix" esuka kwiFlackTek Inc. Lo matshini okhethekileyo ulungele ukuxuba ezi zincinci ze-100g ngemizuzwana ngelixa ugxotha umoya. Oku kubalulekile kuba ngoku ivumela umphuhlisi ukuba avavanye iipropathi ezibonakalayo zezi batshi zincinci. I-silica evuthayo okanye ezinye izigcwalisi ezifana neetshokhi ezimanzi zingaxutywa kwi-silicone malunga nemizuzwana eyi-8. Ukukhupha umoya kuthatha malunga nemizuzwana engama-20-25. Lo matshini usebenza ngendlela ye-dual asymmetric centrifuge mechanism esebenzisa amasuntswana ngokwawo njengeengalo zawo zokuxuba. Ubukhulu besayizi yomxube yi-100 grams kunye neentlobo ezininzi zekomityi ezahlukeneyo ezifumanekayo eziquka ukulahlwa, oku kuthetha ukuba akukho kucoca ngokupheleleyo.
Into ephambili kwinkqubo yokuqulunqa ayiyona nje iindidi zezithako, kodwa kunye nomyalelo wokongezwa kunye namaxesha okuxuba. Ngokwemvelo ukukhutshwa okanye ukususwa komoya kubalulekile ukuvumela imveliso ukuba ibe neshelufu yobomi, kuba amaqamza omoya aqulethe ukufuma okuya kuthi emva koko kubangele ukuba i-sealant inyange ngaphakathi.
Emva kokuba ikhemisti ifumene uhlobo lwe-sealant olufunekayo kwimilinganiselo yesicelo sakhe ukuya kwi-1 quart yokuxuba iplanethi enokuvelisa malunga ne-3-4 encinci ye-110 ml (3oz) iityhubhu. Esi sisixhobo esaneleyo sovavanyo lokuqala lobomi beshelufa kunye novavanyo lokuncamathela kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo.
Emva koko unokuya kumatshini we-1 okanye i-2 yeegaloni ukuvelisa i-8-12 10 oz iityhubhu zokuvavanya ngokunzulu kunye nesampuli zabathengi. Isitywina esitywiniweyo sikhutshwa embizeni ngecylinder yentsimbi ukuya kwikhatriji elingana phezu kombhobho wokupakisha. Emva kolu vavanyo, ulungele ukunyuka.
2) Ukulinganisa kunye nokulungiswa kakuhle-imiqulu ephakathi
Kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ukwakhiwa kwelebhu ngoku kuveliswa kumatshini omkhulu ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-100-200kg okanye malunga negubu. Eli nyathelo lineenjongo eziphambili ezimbini
a) ukubona ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho olubalulekileyo phakathi kobukhulu be-4 lb kunye nobukhulu obukhulu obunokuthi bubangele amazinga okuxuba kunye nokusasazwa, amazinga okuphendula kunye nezixa ezahlukeneyo zokuxutywa, kunye
b) ukuvelisa imathiriyeli eyaneleyo ukwenza isampulu yabathengi abalindelekileyo kunye nokufumana ukubuyisela inyani emsebenzini.
Lo matshini we-gallon we-50 uluncedo kakhulu kwiimveliso zoshishino xa imiqulu ephantsi okanye imibala ekhethekileyo ifunekayo kwaye malunga nedrum enye yohlobo ngalunye kufuneka iveliswe ngexesha.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zoomatshini bokuxuba. Ezibini ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zixube iiplanethi (njengoko kubonisiwe ngasentla) kunye ne-speed dispersers. Iplanethi ilungile kwimixube ye-viscosity ephezulu ngelixa i-disperser isebenza ngcono ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezisezantsi ze-viscosity flowable. Kwizitywina zokwakha eziqhelekileyo, nokuba nguwuphi na umatshini unokusetyenziselwa ixesha elide njengoko umntu enikela ingqalelo kwixesha lokuxuba kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu obunokubakho bokusasaza ngesantya esiphezulu.
3) Izixa ezipheleleyo zemveliso
Imveliso yokugqibela, enokuba yibhetshi okanye eqhubekekayo, ngethemba iphinda ivelise ukwakheka kokugqibela ukusuka kwinqanaba lokunyuka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixabiso elincinci (iibhetshi ezi-2 okanye ezi-3 okanye i-1-2 iiyure eziqhubekayo) zezinto eziphathekayo ziveliswa kuqala kwisixhobo sokuvelisa kwaye zihlolwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe imveliso eqhelekileyo.
Uvavanyo-Yintoni kunye nendlela yoVavanyo.
Intoni
IiPropati zoBume beNdawo-Ukwandiswa, amandla okuHamba kunye neModulus
Ukunamathela kwi-substrate efanelekileyo
Ubomi beShelf-zombini zikhawuleza kwaye kubushushu begumbi
Ukunyanga amaxabiso-ulusu ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukucofa ixesha lokukhulula, ixesha lokukrwempa kunye nokunyanga, imibala yobushushu obuzinzileyo okanye uzinzo kulwelo olwahlukeneyo olunje ngeoyile.
Ukongezelela, ezinye iimpawu eziphambili zihlolwe okanye zibonwe: ukuhambelana, ukuvumba okuphantsi, ukubola kunye nokubonakala ngokubanzi.
Njani
Iphepha le-sealant liyatsalwa kwaye liyekwe ukuba linyange iveki. Intsimbi ekhethekileyo engathethiyo iyasikwa kwaye ifakwe kwiTensile Tester ukulinganisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezifana nobude, imodyuli kunye namandla okuqina. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa imikhosi yokubambelela / yokubambisana kwiisampuli ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa. Iimvavanyo ezilula zokuncamathela ewe-hayi zenziwa ngokutsalwa amaso ezinto ezinyangwayo kwisubstrates ekuthethwa ngayo.
Imitha yoLwandle-A ilinganisa ubulukhuni berabha. Esi sixhobo sijongeka ngathi ubunzima kunye negeyiji enenqaku elicinezela kwisampulu enyangisiweyo. Okukhona inqaku lingena kwirabha, irabha ithambile kwaye isezantsi ixabiso. I-sealant yokwakha eqhelekileyo iya kuba kwi-15-35 uluhlu.
Ulusu ngamaxesha, amaxesha asimahla kunye neminye imilinganiselo yolusu ekhethekileyo yenziwa ngomnwe okanye ngamashiti eplastiki anezisindo. Ixesha phambi kokuba iplastiki itsalwe ngokucocekileyo iyalinganiswa.
Kubomi beshelufa, iityhubhu zesitywina zindala nokuba kubushushu begumbi (okuthi ngokwendalo kuthathe unyaka om-1 ukubonisa ubungqina bonyaka om-1 wobomi beshelufa) okanye kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, aqhele ukuba yi-50℃ kangangeeveki ezi-1,3,5,7 njl njl. Ukulandela ukwaluphala inkqubo (ityhubhu evunyelwe ukupholisa kwimeko ekhawulezayo), izinto eziphathekayo zikhutshwe kwi-tube kwaye zitsalwe kwiphepha apho kuvunyelwe ukunyanga. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zerabha ezenziwe kula maphepha zivavanywa njengangaphambili. Ezi propati ke zithelekiswe nezo zemathiriyeli esanda kudityaniswa ukumisela ubomi obufanelekileyo beshelufu.
Ingcaciso ecacileyo yovavanyo oluninzi olufunekayo inokufumaneka kwincwadi ye-ASTM.
Ezinye iingcebiso zokugqibela
I-silicone-inxalenye enye zezona zitywina ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezikhoyo. Zinayo imida kwaye ukuba iimfuno ezithile ziyafuneka zinokuphuhliswa ngokukodwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto eziluhlaza zomile njengoko kunokwenzeka, ukuqulunqwa kuzinzile kwaye umoya uyasuswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.
Ukuphuhlisa nokuvavanya ngokusisiseko yinkqubo efanayo kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye ye-sealant kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni-qiniseka ukuba uhlolisise yonke ipropati enokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwenza ubuninzi bemveliso kwaye unokuqonda ngokucacileyo iimfuno zesicelo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesicelo, i-chemistry yonyango echanekileyo inokukhethwa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-silicone ikhethiweyo kunye nephunga, ukubola kunye nokubambelela akubhekwa njengento ebalulekileyo kodwa ixabiso elincinci liyadingeka, ngoko i-acetoxy yindlela yokuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iindawo zetsimbi ezinokuthi zigqweswe zibandakanyeka okanye ukunamathela okhethekileyo kwiplastiki kuyafuneka kumbala owodwa okhazimlayo ngoko ufuna i-oxime.
[1] Dale Flackett. Iikhompawundi zeSilikoni: IiSilane kunye neeSilicone [M]. I-Gelest Inc: 433-439
* Ifoto evela ku-OLIVIA Silicone Sealant
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-31-2024
