Izinto zeSilicone azibalulekanga nje kuphela kwicandelo elibalulekileyo lezinto ezintsha kwishishini lesizwe elikhulayo, kodwa zikwayizixhobo ezixhasayo eziyimfuneko kwamanye amashishini akhulayo.

Ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kwamacandelo okusetyenziswa, amandla amakhulu okufunwa enze ii-silicones zibe yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo zeekhemikhali okwangoku.

Eyona nxalenye inkulu yokusetyenziswa kweesilicone zasekhaya ikumacandelo afana nokwakha, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, umbane kunye namandla amatsha, unyango, kunye nokhathalelo lomntu. Phakathi kwawo, icandelo lokwakha okwangoku lelona candelo liphambili lokusetyenziswa kweesilicone, elimalunga ne-30%.

Ukongeza ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kwemfuno yezinto ze-silicone kwimizi-mveliso yendabuko, amashishini okonga amandla kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo afana ne-photovoltaics kunye namandla amatsha, kunye nophuhliso lwamashishini asakhasayo afana nokwakhiwa kwegridi yamandla e-ultra-high kunye ne-ultra-high voltage, izinto ezinxibekayo ezikrelekrele, ukuprinta kwe-3D, kunye ne-5G, zonke ezi zinto zibonelela ngamanqaku amatsha okukhula kwemfuno ye-silicone.

Isishwankathelo seSilicones

IiSilicones ligama eliqhelekileyo lee-silicon organic compounds, ezidityaniswa kwaye zifakwe i-hydrolyzed yi-metal silicon kunye ne-chloromethane.

Inyathelo lokuqala lokwenziwa kwee-silicones kukuvelisa i-methylchlorosilane, ethi emva koko ifakwe i-hydrolyzed ukuze kufunyanwe i-monomethyltrichlorosilane, i-dimethyldichlorosilane, kunye ne-trichlorosilane. I-Dimethyldichlorosilane lolona hlobo luphambili lwe-monomer ye-organic silicon, kunye neemveliso zayo eziphambili yi-silicone rubber kunye ne-silicone oil.

Okwangoku, amandla okuvelisa iisilicones akhankanyiweyo eTshayina ngokubanzi abhekisa kumandla okuvelisa e-methylchlorosilane, ngelixa izibalo zangoku zemveliso zonke zisekelwe kwimveliso ye-dimethylsiloxane.

Ikhonkco loshishino lweSilicones

Ikhonkco leshishini le-silicones lahlulwe ngokubanzi libe ziikhonkco ezine: izinto ezikrwada ze-silicones, ii-silicones monomers, ii-silicones intermediates, kunye neemveliso ze-silicones deep processing. Zimbalwa iinkampani zemveliso zezinto ezikrwada, ii-monomers, kunye nee-intermediates, ngelixa ukucubungula okunzulu okungaphantsi komhlaba kubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye namandla emveliso asasazekileyo.

Izinto ze-silicone zokwenza izinto

Inkqubo yokuvelisa ii-silicones ibandakanya uninzi lwezinto ezikrwada. Izinto ezikrwada ze-silicones yi-industrial silicone powder, elungiswa kushishino ngokunciphisa i-quartz nge-coke kwisithando sombane se-arc.

Ukuveliswa kwe-silicone yemizi-mveliso kudla isixa esikhulu se-silicone ore kunye namandla, kwaye kubangela ungcoliseko olukhulu lokusingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, unikezelo oluzinzileyo nolusemgangathweni ophezulu lwezixhobo ze-silicone yemizi-mveliso luye lwaba sisiqinisekiso esisisiseko sokuveliswa kwe-silicone.

Ngokutsho kwe-SAGSI, ngo-2020, amandla okuvelisa i-silicone yemizi-mveliso yehlabathi yayiziitoni ezizigidi ezi-6.23, ngelixa amandla okuvelisa eTshayina yayiziitoni ezizigidi ezi-4.82, ezibalelwa kwi-77.4%.

I-silicon

Ii-silicones monomers kunye neziphakathi

Ubonelelo lwasekhaya lwee-silicones monomers kunye nee-intermediates lubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-50% yenani lilonke lehlabathi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumthengisi omkhulu wee-silicones monomers kunye nee-intermediates kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yemeko engaguqukiyo yee-silicones monomers, iinkampani ngokubanzi zidityaniswe ii-monomers zibe zii-intermediates ezifana ne-DMC (dimethylsiloxane) okanye i-D4 ukuze zithengiswe.

Zimbalwa iintlobo kunye neenkcukacha ze-silicones monomers kunye ne-intermediates.

I-Dimethyldichlorosilane okwangoku yeyona monomer ye-silicone esetyenziswa kakhulu, ithatha ngaphezulu kwe-90% yenani lilonke le-monomer.

Umda wokungena kushishino lwe-silicones uphezulu, onyuswe waya kwiitoni ezingama-200 000 kwaye ufuna ubuncinane i-1.5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan zotyalo-mali. Umda wokungena ophezulu kushishino uza kukhuthaza ukujoliswa komthamo wemveliso ye-monomer kumashishini aphambili.

Okwangoku, zimbalwa kakhulu iinkampani ezinokuqokelelana okwaneleyo kobuchwepheshe kwaye ziphumelele imveliso enkulu, apho ngaphezulu kwe-90% yamandla emveliso asasazwa phakathi kwamashishini ali-11 aphezulu.

Ubuninzi bomthamo wemveliso ye-silicones monomer bukwabonelela ngendawo eyaneleyo yokuxoxisana namashishini asezantsi.

I-Dichlorodimethylsilane

Ngokuphathelele ukubonelela, amashishini amaninzi aphambili e-silicone eTshayina aneeprojekthi eziqhubekayo okanye izicwangciso ezintsha. Amandla amatsha emveliso aza kugxila kwimveliso ukususela ngo-2022 ukuya ku-2023, kwaye amandla emveliso yeli shishini sele eza kungena kumjikelo wokwanda ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokwedatha evela kwiBaichuan Yingfu, iinkampani ezifana neHesheng Silicon Industry, iYunnan Energy Investment, kunye neDongyue Silicon Materials ziza kutyala malunga ne-1.025 yezigidi zeetoni zamandla okuvelisa iisilicone kulo nyaka. Iinkampani ezifana neNew Special Energy, iAsia Silicon Industry, kunye neSichuan Yongxiang nazo zityala imali kumandla okuvelisa iisilicone zepolycrystalline, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kwemfuno yeesilicone zoshishino.

I-SAGSI iqikelela ukuba amandla okuvelisa eTshayina ee-silicones methyl monomers aza kudlula kwiitoni ezi-6 zezigidi ngonyaka ngo-2025, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-70% yamandla okuvelisa ehlabathi ee-silicones methyl monomers.

Ngokutsho kwe-C&EN, iMomentive, inkampani yamanye amazwe ehamba phambili ye-silicones iceba ukuvala amandla ayo okuvelisa i-silicones eWaterford, eNew York, nto leyo eyenza iDow ibe ngumvelisi kuphela we-silicones e-United States.

Umthamo wemveliso ye-silicones monomer yehlabathi udluliselwa eTshayina, kwaye umlinganiselo woxinzelelo kushishino uya kuqhubeka uphucuka kwixesha elizayo.

Ukucubungula ngokunzulu iisilicones

Iimveliso ze-silicone ezicutshungulwayo zihlala zikhona kwimo ye-molecular ye-RnSiX (4-n), kwaye iipropati ze-physicochemical ezizinzileyo ze-silicon chain kunye nokuguquguquka kwamaqela asebenzayo kunika iimveliso ze-silicone ezicutshungulwayo imisebenzi emininzi yokusetyenziswa. Iimveliso eziphambili yi-silicone rubber kunye ne-silicone oil, ebalelwa kwi-66% kunye ne-21% ngokulandelelana.

Okwangoku, ishishini lokucubungula ngokunzulu ii-silicone lisekwinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo, kunye neshishini elisasazeke kakhulu. Kukho amashishini angaphezu kwama-3,000 okucubungula ngokunzulu abandakanyeka kuphela ekucubunguleni i-silicone.

Itanki yezinto eziluhlaza zeOlivia Factory

Ulwakhiwo lweemveliso ze-silicones ezicutshungulwe ngokunzulu eTshayina:

Iinkampani ze-silicone zaphesheya azinazo iindleko zokuvelisa ii-silicone monomers xa kuthelekiswa neenkampani zaseTshayina, kwaye uninzi lweenkampani eziphambili ze-silicone zaphesheya zigxila ekuphuhliseni iimveliso zokucubungula ezinzulu kunye nokwandisa uthotho lwemizi-mveliso.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza yaseTshayina kushishino lwe-silicones itshintshe kancinci kancinci ukusuka kwimveliso ye-monomer ukuya ekucutshungulweni okunzulu kweemveliso ze-silicones, uphuhliso lweemveliso ezintsha ze-silicones, ukwandiswa kwamacandelo amatsha okusetyenziswa, kunye nokuphuculwa kwenqanaba lokusetyenziswa okubanzi.

I-Silica

Iimveliso zeSilicone ezisezantsi zinexabiso eliphezulu lemveliso elongezelelekileyo kunye namathuba okusetyenziswa kwimarike. Okwangoku, kusekho indawo ebalulekileyo yophuhliso ekusetyenzisweni kwesilicone kwiimarike ezisakhulayo eTshayina nakwamanye amazwe.

I-silicone

I-Polycrystalline Silicon